Saturday, 30 December 2017

Abubuwan mamaki takwas na kimiyya da sukafaru a 2017

Tura Wannan Zuwa Ga
Shekara ce mai cike da abubuwa da suka faru a
karon farko da kuma wasu abubuwa da suka
kawo karshensu:

kumbon samaniya na Kasini ya
kammala aikinsa na shekara 13, yayin da wasu
matattun taurari suka yi taho-mu-gama a sararin
samaniya saboda yanayin kurar karfen taurarin.
BBC ta yi nazari kan takwas daga cikin labaran
kimiyyar yanayi da suka fi ko wanne yin fice a
shekarar 2017.

Hatsarin taurari

A shekarar 2017, masana kimiyya sun gano
motsin maganadisun kasa da Einstein ya yi
hasashe daga wani wuri na daban - karon taurari
biyu.
An sanar da gano wannan motsin na karon farko
ne a shekarar 2016, a lokacin da dakin bincike na
Advanced LIGO ya bayyana yamutsa sararin
samaniya sanadiyyar hadewar bakaken ramuka
biyu da ke da nisa da juna.

An jinjina wa sakamakon a matsayin wani sabon
reshe na ilimin taurari, amfani da motsin
maganadisu domin tattara alkaluma game da
abubuwan da ke faruwa daga nesa.
Na'urorin hangen nesa daga fadin duniya sun
nadi yadda taurarin biyu suka hade. 

Fashewar ta
faru ne a wani wuri mai nisan kimanin kilomita
dubu biliyan daya.

Wasu daga cikin bayanai game da wannan
gagarumin al'amarin na da ban-mamaki. Alal
misali, taurarin neutron suna da kauri ta yadda
cikin cokali zai kai nauyin tan biliyan daya.
Masanan sun tabbatar da cewa irin wannan
karon ne ya samar da zinari da karfen platinum
da ake da su a fadin duniya.

Kumbon Cassini ya karasa aikinsa

Kumbon Cassini ya kai duniyar Saturn ne a
shekarar 2004. A cikin shekaru 13 da kumbon ya
yi aiki, ya sauya fahimtarmu game da duniyar
mai zobe da watanninta.

Ya gano mabubbugin ruwa mai fesa ruwan
kankara da turiri zuwa sararin samaniya daga
watan Enceladus mai kankara a lokacin da
kumbon ke aiki.

Amma domin mai na karewa daga tankin man,
sai hukumar binciken sararin samaniya ta NASA
ta lalata kumbon a saman duniyar Saturn
maimakon kumbon ya ci karo da wani abin da
ake saka wa ido a binciken rayuwa, kaman watan
Enceladus, ya kuma gurbata shi da kwayoyin
halitta na sararin samaniya.

Ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, Cassini ya shiga
sararin samaniyar babbar duniyar kuma aka
barke shi. Kuma ya iya mayar da bayanan
duniyar mutane a daidai lokacin da yake
fuskantar halaka.

Janyewa daga yarjejeniyar Paris
A lokacin da yake yakin neman zabe, Donald
Trump ya ce zai soke yarjejeniyar Paris kan
sauyin yanayi, kuma zai cire Amurka daga
yarjejeniyar.
Amman bayan ya lashe zaben Amurka a watan
Nuwamban wannan shekarar, ya yi kalamai
kadan a bainar jama'a kan lamarin sauyin yanayi.

Rahotanni sun fito cewa kawunan masu bai wa
Mista Trump shawara kan lamarin ya rabu, abin
da ya sa wasu masu sharhi suka yi taunain cewa
ta yiwu shugaban ya gamsu da ci gaba da
yarjejeniyar.

Duk da haka, ranar daya ga watan Yuni, Shugaba
Trump ya yi wani taron manema labarai a
lambun Rose da ke fadar White House inda ya
sanar da janyewar Amurka.

Mista Trump ya ce: "Domin in cika alkawarin da
na dauka na kare Amurka da 'ya'yanta, Amurka
za ta janye daga yarjejeniyar yanayi ta Paris ...

amma ta fara tattaunawa domin sake shiga
yarjejeniyar Paris din ko kuma wata sabuwar
yarjejeniyar ta daban kan sharrudan da za su
dace da muradun Amurka."

Kamar yadda aka yi tsammani, 'yan jam'iyyar
Demokrat da kuma shuagabannin duniya sun
mayar da martani da yin Allah-Wadai da matakin
shugaba Trump.

Tsohon shugaban Amurka, Barack Obama ya
zargi gwamanatin Trump da yin watsi da
makomar mutane masu zuwa, yayin da tsohon
sakataren harkokin waje John Kerry ya bayyana
matakin a matsayin tsagoran watsi da aikin
shugabanci.

Duniyoyi "masu yawa"

Daga cikin duniyoyi 3,500 da aka tabbatar da
kasancewarsu nesa daga duniyar mutane da rana
da wata, wasu na da matukar ba da mamaki. Ga
wadanda ba su sani ba akwai duniyar J1407b
wadda take da zobe da ya fi zoben duniyar
Saturn girma sau 200.

Amma a wannan shekarar, masu ilimin taurari
sun gano wasu jerin taurari da ke da duniya
bakwai da suka ka kai duniyarmu.

Bugu da kari wadannan duniyoyin da alamar sun
bin wani tsari ne yayin da suke kewaye
tauraronsu.

Kuma uku daga cikin duniyoyin suna wuararen da
rayuwa za ta iya kasancewa ne inda za a iya
samun ruwa a sama. Kuma duk inda aka samu
ruwa, akwai yiwuwar rayuwa.

Dangin kwanan nan

A watan Yuli, masu bincike sun fitar da
kasusuwan wasu mutanen farko da aka samu a
arewacin Afirka wadanda suka nuna cewa
mutanen yanzu - Homo sapiens -sun bayyana,
akalla shekara 100,000 fiye da yadda ake
hasashe da.

Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa mutanen
yanzu ba su fito daga zuri'a daya daga gabashin
Afirka ba.
Maimakon haka ta yiwu halittar
mutanen yanzu ta dade tana juyawa a fadin
nahiyar.

Kuma akwai karin manyan labarai game da juyin
halittar dan Adam a wannan shekarar.

A lokacin da masana kimiyya suka fitar da wasu
bangarori na kasusuwan mutane 15 na wata
sabuwar halittar mutane, labarin ya yi suna a
fadin duniya.

A wanna lokacin masu bincike ba su iya tabbatar
da iya shekarun mutanen da ake cewa Homo
naledi ba, amma wasu halayyar da ba su gama
cigaba ba, sun nuna cewa za su iya kai wa
shekaru miliyan uku a duniya.

A wannan shekarar, shugaban masu binciken Lee
Berger, ya fitar da sanarwar cewa kasusuwan
shekarunsu tsakanin 200,000 zuwa 300,000 ne.

Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa, maimakon su
kasance kakannin mutanen yanzu, ta yiwu Homo
naledi sun yi kicibis da mutanen yanzu- Homo
sapiens.

Kusufin rana

Ranar 21 ga watan Augustan, wata babbar
inuwar wata ta rufe Amurka, lamarin da ya janyo
kusufin rana na farko tun lokacin da aka samar
da kasar a shekarar 1776.

Kuma wani abu ne mai jan hankali.

Da yake bayar da rahoto daga garin Madras, na
jihar Oregon, wakilin BBC, Pallab Ghosh ya ce:
"Za ku iya ganin cewa karfe 10 da minti 15 na
safe, amma yanayin ya yi kamar dare ne.
Saura dakika kadan rana ta kammala kusufi...
ranar tana nan kamar wata fuska mai dariya a
sama."
Bayan kusufin ya wuce, ya kara da cewa: "Na ji
kamar ina mafarki ne."

Bako daga wata duniya

Duk da cewa masana kimiyya sun dade suna
hasashen cewa wani dutse daga sararin
samaniya zai ziyarci duniyarmu, shekarar 2017 ce
karon farko da muka ga irin wannan dutsen.
Dutsen da wasu masana da suka yi amfani da
wata babbar na'urar hangen nesa ta Hawaii a
watan Oktoba, ba da jimawa ba ne suka gane
cewa irin gudu da kuma hanyar da dutsen ke bi
ya nuna cewa dutsen ya fito ne daga wata
duniya ta daban.

An rada masa suna 'Oumuamua da ke nufin "dan
sako mai zuwa cikin gaggawa daga wuri mai
nisa" a harshen Hawaii, dutsen ya zama wani
abu da masu na'urar hangen nesa suka yi ta
neman kallo a fadin duniya.

A bangarori daban-daban ya kasance kamar
sauran ababen da ake samu a wuri mafi nisa a
sararin samaniyar duniyarmu- wurin da a ke kira
Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) - kuma yana da wani
ja a cikin launinsa lamarin da ya samu
sakamakon hasken rana na miliyoyin shekaru.
Daya daga cikin abubuwan ba a cika gani ba
game dutsen da ke yawo a sararin samaniya da
ba cika sani ba ita ce siffarta.

Duk da cewa an cigaba da bincike game da
dutsen, da alama tsawon 'Oumuamua ya kai
fadinta sau 10, lamarin da ya sa ta zama abar da
ta fi komai tsawo a cikin duniya da taurarinmu.

Babbar kankara

Daya daga cikin dutsen kankara mafi girma da
aka taba gani a duniya ya balle a yankin Larsen
C na Antartica cikin watan Yuli.

Amma masana kimiyya sun dade suna bibiyar
girman wani babban tsagu na kimanin shekaru
10.
An yi kiyasin cewa katafaren dutsen kankarar ya
yi fadin kimanin murabba'in kilomita 6,000 -
kimanin kashi daya cikin hudu na fadin birnin
Wales.


Source By ©Bbc Hausa
TURA WANNAN ZUWA GA

Mawallafi: verified_user