Maruwaitan tarihi sunyi ruwaya mabanbanta dangane da tarihin
Katsina.
Daya daga ciki itace mai cewa an kafa Daular Katsina ne a
wajajen karni na goma sha uku, kuma wata zuria mai suna
Ambutai ne suka fara mulkin birnin katsina a inda yake a
yanzu,
Wata ruwayar kuma tace Sunan sarkin Katsina na farko shine
Kumayau, kuma shi jikan Bayajidda ne, ance shine wanda ya
kwace ikon masarautar Durɓi, daga nan ya haɗe masarautar
tare da kafa cibiyar mulki a birnin Katsina.
Wata ruwayar kuma ta tafi akan cewa Katsina ta kafu ne tun a
shekarar 950 miladiyya, daga kabilar Nufawa wangarawa.
Sai dai, watakila zance mafi inganci shine wanda maigirma
Walin Katsina ya faɗa cewar asalin birnin Katsina karamin
kauye ne, sai wata gimbiyar tsohon birnin Durɓi ta kusheyi mai
suna Katsi ta gudo daga garin izuwa nan saboda wani dalili.
Aka shiga nema ba'a gantaba, sai daga baya aka same ta a
wannan ɗan kauye. Shine ake cewa Katsi-na-nan.. Daga nan
sunan 'Katsina' ya samo asali har kuma a hankali cibiyar
masarauta ta baro Durɓi izuwa nan, wanda yayi sanadin
bunkasar garin.
Dangane da tarihin asalin mutanen Durɓi, wasu sun tafi akan
cewa asalinsu mutanen Mali ne masu fatauci suka kafa garin,
yayin da wasu ke ganin dube da aiyukan maguzanci da suka
auku a Durɓi, da bautar Magiro a Kwatarkwashi, sai ake ganin
mutanen garin sunfi kamantuwa da zamowa jikoki ga mutanen
tsohuwar daular 'Katsina Ala' data taɓa wanzuwa a ɗaukacin
yankin.
Kusan dukkan masu ruwaito tarihi sun yadda da cewa
Kumayau shine wanda ya kafa Katsina tun farko, shine kuma
shugabanta na farko, sai dai kuma akwai saɓani dangane da
yadda tarihi ya nuna cewar a zamanin da ana zaɓen sarki a
wannan masarauta.
Wasu sun tafi akan cewar ta hanyar jifan mashi ake zama
sarkin Katsina, watau duk wanda jifansa ya kerewa saura shine
zai zama sarki.
Yayin da wasu ke ganin ta hanyar kokawa ake zama sarkin
Katsina, watau wanda ya kayar da wani shine sarki.
Ance anyi sarakuna masu suna Ramba, Taryau, da Jatinnati a
iya tsawon shekaru kimanin ɗari bayan kafuwar Katsina,
sannan Muhammadu Korau yazo daga wani gari mai suna
'Yandoto yaci nasara a gasar zamowa sarki.
Wasu sunyi maganganu akan cewar sai da Korau ya haɗa kai
da matar sarki Sanau tare da karya asirin sa sannan yaci
galaba a gasar da aka shirya musu ta kokawa don zamowa
sarki. Daga baya ya samu nasarar kayar da Sarki Sanau tare da
yanka shi da wata wuka mai suna 'Gajere', sannan kuma ya
halaka matar tasa.
Wasu kuma na ganin sa'a kurum ya samu akansa.
Ana ganin Sarki Muhammadu Korau yayi mulki ne a wajajen
shekara ta 1445 miladiyya zuwa 1495, amma dai ana ganin
shine sarki Musulmi na farko a daular Katsina, sannan shine
sarkin daya mayar da cibiyarsa izuwa birnin katsina na yanzu
da zama, haka kuma a zamanin mulkin sane shahararren
malamin addinin musulunci mai suna Muhammad Abdulkarim
al-maghili yazo birnin katsina tare da soma karantaswa. A
lokacin ne kuma aka gina tsangayu da masallatai manya, ciki
kuwa harda hasumiyar Gobarau wadda har yau tananan cikin
birnin katsina.
Ance sarki Maje shine ya ɗora akan inda sarki Korau ya tsaya
ta fannin yiwa addinin musulunci hidima. Ya wanzar da shari'ar
musulunci, ya zama mai umarni da yin sallah akan kari, tare da
tursasawa tuzurai yin aure.
A shekarar 1513 akace Sarkin Songhai Muhammadu Askiya ya
aiko dakaru kasar Hausa, har suka karɓe ikon Katsina.
Ance a wajajen shekarar 1554 Katsinawa suka 'yantar da kansu
daga masarautar Songhai, sannan a wajajen shekara ta 1570,
suka samu nasarar yaki akan masarautar Kano, wadda take
hamayya dasu a wancan lokaci. Amma babu jimawa sai akace
daular Borno ta samu iko da ita na tsawon wani lokaci.
Zuwa karshen karni na goma sha shidda birnin katsina ya
zama cibiyar karantarwar addinin musulunci kwatankwacin
Timbuktu, musamman saboda cikar garin da manyan
malumma masu karantarwa.
Daga cikin malaman akwai Muhammed Bin Masani al Barwani
al Katsinawi (Dan Masani) wanda akace asalinsa daga Borno
yake. Da kuma Muhammad al-Katsinawi Ibn Sabbag (Dan
Marina). Sai kuma Muhammad al-Fulani al Katsinawi.
Shi Muhammad al Fulani shashararre ne a fagen ilimai na
addini dana kimiyya dana falsafanci. Ance bayan ya koyi karatu
a katsina sai ya ɗauki haramar tafiya Makkah don yin aikin
Hajji. Akan hanyarsa ta komowa ya sauka a Cairo yana
karantarwa, har kuma ajali ya riskeshi a shekarar 1734. Amma
an samu cewar yayi wallafe-wallafe na ilimi da dama, aciki har
da wani littafi mai suna ‘al-Durr al-Manzum wa Khulasat al Sirr
al Maktum fi Ilmi al-talasim wal Nujum’.
Zuwa karshen karni na goma sha takwas aka samu cewar
adawa gagaruma ta shiga tsakanin daular katsina da
masarautar Gobir. Ance rigimar ta samo asali ne a lokacin da
dakarun Gobir suka karɓe iko da birnin Maraɗi, daga nan suka
fara turawa izuwa Birnin Katsina.
Sarkin Katsina na lokacin mai suna Agwaragi (1778-1799) ya
tara rundunar mayaka domin yakar Gobirawa, amma cikin
rashin nasara Gobirawa suka yiwa dakarunsa sukuwar sallah
tare da tarwatsa su.
Tun daga nan sai rikici ya cigaba tsakanin masarautun biyu, ya
zamana ana gwabzawa lokaci bayan lokaci, har izuwa zamanin
Sarkin Gobir Yakubu (1788 – 1795) wanda akace ya halaka
wani shahararren makeri Bakatsine tare da kai farmaki garin
Ruma wanda yake cikin kasar Katsina.
Daga karshe dai katsinawa suka gwabza da Gobirawa tare da
halaka sarkin su Yakubu, suka sare wuyansa, suka tafi da
kansa birnin katsina.
Ance tun daga nan yaki ya kare tsakanin su.
Haka nan masarautar Katsina ta rinka faɗaɗa a hankali, inda ta
zamo giwa mai makwabtaka da masarautar kano a Gabas,
Zaria a kudu, Zamfara a yamma, Daura da Damagaran a
ɓangaren arewa maso gabashi.
Manyan biranen tsohuwar masarautar katsina sune:- ‘Yandoto,
Gozaki, Maska, Tasawa, Gazawa, Ingawa, Matazu, Ruma,
Kwatarkwashi, Birnin Bakane, Karofi, Maraɗi, Gwiwa, Kanen
Bakashe, da suransu.
Source by ©Sadik Tukur Gwarzo
