Gwajin lafiyar jiki
Hoto: Medical News Today
Ma'anar pressure a ilimin physics shi ne wani nauyi ko kuma ƙarfi da yake turewa ko dannewa. Ma'ana idan ka sanya ƙarfi ka tura mota ko ka ture mutum ya faɗi, ko kuma ka danne wani abu ya kasa tashi ƙarfin da ka saka shi ne ka sanya masa pressure. To idan ka fahimci pressure, sai mu ce pressure na jini shi ne ƙarfin da jini yake tafiya tare da shi daga zuciya zuwa sauran sassa na jiki a cikin wata kafa da ake cewa artery. Shi wannan artery kamar pipe din ruwa yake (amma fa ƙanana ne, suna nan a ɓangarorin jiki daban-daban). Haka jini yake wuce idan zuciya ta turashi. A lokacin da wannan pressure ya yi yawa sai ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa ga zuciya da sauran sassan jiki.
2. Ana gane hawan jini ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da lissafi masu yawa. Sun ƙunshi gwada yawan jinin da zuciya take turowa a wani lokaci, sannan ana auna shi ne a matsayin volume (cardiac output) da kuma ƙalubalen da hanyoyin wucewar jini suke kawowa wucewar jini (peripheral resistance). A taƙaice ana rubuta blood pressure ne ta ɓangare biyu;
Systolic blood pressure da kuma diastolic blood pressure.
a. Systolic pressure shi ne pressure da ake samu idan zuciya ta yi contraction (Wato ta takure ko ta matse).
b. Diastolic kuma idan zuciya tayi relaxing (idan ta sake ta koma yadda take daa).
3. Joint National Committee (JNC 7) on Hypertension sun fassra hypertension da cewa shi ne tashin systolic pressure zuwa sama da 139mmHg, ko kuma diastolic ya kai sama da 90mmHg. Ana rubuta blood pressure ne a matsayin Systolic blood pressure / diastolic blood pressure.
Kenan High blood pressure = 140/90mmHg ko sama da haka.
4. Kashi 95 cikin ɗari na hypertension yana faruwa ne ba tare da sanin takamammen abin da yake jawoshi ba (idiopathic). Wannan shi ake kira da primary hypertension ko kuma idiopathic hypertension. Sai dai akwai wasu abubuwa da ake gani suna jawo primary hypertension kuma idan an gujesu cikin ikon Allah akan samu ƙarancin matsalar hawan jini.
Waɗannan abubuwa su ne;
a. Hypertension (hawan jini)
b. Shan sigari (cigarettes smoking)
c. Obesity (ƙiba)
d. Rashin motsa jiki (daga mota sai office zaune akan kujera, sai cikin gida a kishingiɗe, ko a zaune ko a kwace).
e. Diabetes mellitus (ciwon sugar)
f. Dyslipidemia (shi ne lipid [fats and oil] ya yi yawa ko ya yi kaɗan a cikin jini.
e. Microalbuminuria (shi ne yawan albumin a cikin fitsari ya ƙaru kaɗan)
f. Shekaru (sama da shekaru 55 ga maza, 65 ga mata).
g. Gado daga iyaye da kakanni ga masu ƙananan shekaru (maza ko mata da suke ƙasa da shekarun da aka ambata a sama).
h. Yawan cin gishiri.
i. Stress (tsananin rayuwa).
5. Shi kuwa secondary hypertension yana faruwa ne tare da ko bayan wani rashin lafiya mai tsanani kamar ciwon hanta da sauransu. Idan mutum ya samu waɗannan cututtuka, likitoci sukan ɗauki matakai wajen ganin cewa bai kai ga an samu hawan jini saboda shi ba ko kuma a yi ƙoƙarin sauko da jinin zuwa yadda ake so.
6. Akwai magunguna da shan su na tsawon lokaci ke jawo hawan jini amma ba a koda yaushe ba, sannan kuma idan mutum yana shan su ana ba shi appointment ya riƙa zuwa ganin likita daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ana auna blood pressure ɗinsa.
7. Magungunan hana haihuwa da magungunan jin daɗi irin su cocaine da wiwi da wasu magungunan gargajiya suna jawo hawan jini.
8. Chemicals irin su Lead, mercury, thallium, lithium da sauran heavy metals suna jawo hawan jini ga mai yawan aiki da su.
9. Wani abun lura a kan hypertension shi ne ba shi da sign ko symptoms (alamun da suke nuna mutum yana faama da hawan jini) a bisa maganar da ta fi ƙarfi. Duk da akwai waɗanda suke cewa sukan yi faama da ciwon kai, gajiya, jiri, gani duru-duru, ko wani ƙara a kunne da sauransu, amma dai magana mai ƙarfi ita ce ba a gane hypertension sai an yi gwaji. Shi yasa WHO suka kira shi "Silent Killer". WHO sun bada shawara akan mu riƙa gwada blood pressure ɗinmu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Aƙalla sau ɗaya a wata. Shi yasa idan ka je asibiti kafin ka ga likita, Nurses za su gwada maka BP saboda komai na iya faruwa ba tare da an sani ba.
10. Idan hypertension ya yi tsanani yana kawo babbar matsala ko dameji ga wasu gaɓoɓi da ake kira 'target organs'. Waɗannan matsaloli sun haɗa da:
a. Zuciya:
Kumburin zuciya (cardiomegaly)
Mutuwar cells ɗin zuciya (myocardial infarction)
Heart failure (zuciya ta kasa aikinta na tura jini ga sauran gaɓoɓi ɗauke da sinadaran da gaɓoɓin suke buƙata don yin aiki) da sauransu.
b. Ƙwaƙwalwa
Stroke (ƙwaƙwalwa ce za ta daina aiki saboda jini ba ya zuwa mata daga zuciya; za ta ɗauke wuta sai ka ga mutum kawai ya zama kamar vegetable) Da sauransu
c. Kidney ma ya kan samu matsalar sa idan hypertension ya yi tsanani.
d. Chronic kidney disease,
Kidney aikinsa shi ne ya tace abubuwa marasa kyau a jikinmu ya fitar da shi ta fitsari. Idan ya samu matsala, hakan ba zai yiwu ba.
d. Liver
Liver kuma tace mana abinda ya shigo cikinmu take yi ta fitar da masu hatsari. Idan ta yi failing shikenan.
10. Hanyoyin magance hypertension sun kasu kashi biyu: na farko maras lafiya zai canza tsarin rayuwarsa don magance wannan matsala ta hanyoyi kamar haka:
A. Ilimi: akwai bukatar a ilmantar da Mutane akan hypertension. Kuma a gane akwai bambanci tsakanin hypertension da mental tension, stress ko Anxiety.
Shi hypertension ba a gane shi a fuska ko a ji shi a jiki. Sai dai idan ya yi tsanani. Mutum zai iya jinsa lafiya sumul amma yana da hypertension. Idan maras lafiya ya bi shawarwarin ma'aikatan lafiya, zai yi rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da matsala ba.
Yana da muhimmanci maras lafiya ya gane cewa shi yake da gudummawa mafi yawa da zai bayar wajen magance wannan matsala. Sannan ya san cewa shi maganin hawan jini in aka fara shansa ba a dainawa. Sai dai a rage.
B. Rage ƙiba da kuma exercise a kullum (regular aerobic exercise kamar jogging brisk walking [tafiya da kafa tare da dan sauri, Wato Mutum ya yi da dukkan jikinsa) da sauran su) yana da muhimmanci sosai kuma yana taimakawa matuƙa.
C. Rage cin gishiri: Ana bada shawara ga maras lafiya ya rage cin gishiri. So samu ya daina cin gishiri da ajino moto da Manda (manguli). Maggi ma ya zama dai ƙaramin quantity da zai sa ya ji taste ne kawai a baki.
D. Akwai abin da ake kira DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) Wanda ya ƙunshi cin abinci mai ɗauke da isasshen kayan marmari (fruits) da ganyayyaki (vegetables) da kuma gudun abinci masu ɗauke da fats ko dairy products (kamar su madara, nono, yoghurt, cheese da sauransu)
E. Daina shan sigari (tobacco) da giya (alcohol).
F. Relaxation therapy (hutu) Wanda ya ƙunshi meditation, gudun hayaniya da surutu da gujewa haske mai yawa, da yoga da sauransu!
11. Waɗannan abubuwan da muka ambato a sama ana shawartar wanda ya san akwai masu hawan jini a danginsa da ya rinƙa yin su don kare kai. Haka kuma wanda babu a dangi ma ya kamata a riƙa yi saboda ko bai samu a dangi ba zai iya samu a shekaru ko kuma a jinsi (maza sun fi mata samun hawan jini saboda suna ɗaga mana hankali.
12. Ɗayar hanyar magance hypertension shi ne amfani da magunguna. Suna nan da yawa. Irin su Amlodipine, Lisinopril, Losartan, Atenolol, Bendrofluorothiazide, Furosemide da sauransu.
13. Ana ɗaura maras lafiya akan ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin magungunan nan ne bayan an yi gwaje-gwaje an tabbatar da akwai hawan jini. Likita zai dubi yanayin ciwon ya ga wanda za a ɗaura maras lafiya akan, ko fiye da guda ɗaya daga cikin magungunan.
Tushe/Asali: Qaloon Health Support
