Taƙaitaccen tarihin sahabin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama, nan mai girma wato Salman Farisi, : سَلْمَان ٱلْفَارِسِيّ wasu ruwayoyi na tarihi sun bayyana cewar an haifi Salman al-Farisi ne a shekara ta 568 miladiyya ko kuma kusa da haka a wani gari na ƙasar Farisa da ake kira Jiyye da a halin yanzu yake kusa da garin Isfahan (a Iran).
Marubuci: Saliadeen Sicey
Asalin sunansa shi ne Rozeba, sai dai daga baya, bayan musuluntarsa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya sauya masa suna zuwa Salman,: سَلْمَان ٱلْفَارِسِيّ Ne a wasu lokuta a kan kira shi da Abu Abdullah.
Mahaifin Salman dai attajiri ne sanann kuma mai faɗa a ji a garin nasu da kewayensa. To sai dai duk da arzikin da yake da shi, Salman shi ne ɗansa kawai, don haka yake tsananin ƙaunarsa.
A wancan lokacin mafi yawan al'ummar Farisa suna bin addinin bautar wuta ne, don haka cikin wannan addini ne Salman ma ya taso, inda mahaifinsa ya ware wasu malamai don koyar da shi aƙidu da koyarwar wannan addini, to amma sakamakon irin hazaƙar da yake da ita ya zamanto ya sami ilmi mai yawan gaske sama da malaman da suke koyar da shi.
A wancan lokacin babban abin alfahari ne a ce mutum ya zama ɗaya daga cikin malaman addini kuma mai hidima wa ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan bautan wutar a ƙasar Farisa, hakan na kawo wa mutum ɗaukaka da girmamawa. Don haka ne mahaifin Salman ya yi ƙoƙarin ganin ɗansa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan mutane tun yana ɗan shekara sha shida a duniya.
Salman ya yi shekaru uku yana aiki a ɗakin bautan wuta na Jiyye, to sai dai ba a jima ba sai ya fara ƙosawa da wannan aiki da malaman da ke karantar da shi saboda kasantuwansu mutane masu ƙarancin tunani da ilimi.
A mafi yawan lokuta ba sa iya amsa tambayoyin da yake musu ko kuma su ba shi amsa maras gamsarwa. Don haka tun daga lokacin ya fara tunanin yadda zai sami wata mafita. Salman ya fara samun damar ficewa daga wannan addini ne lokacin da mahaifinsa ya tura shi wani gari don ya wakilce shi a wajen. A hanyarsa ta zuwa wannan gari ne ya ci karo da wasu ma'abota addinin kirista da suka fito daga ƙasar Siriya, inda suka yi masa bayanin aƙidun addininsu, daga ƙarshe dai Salman ya zama Kirista. (Masihi).
Bayan da ya dawo gida, Salman ya shaida wa mahaifinsa ganawarsa da waɗannan kiristocin da kuma karɓar addinin kiristancin da ya yi. Hankalin mahaifin Salman ya ƙara tashi ƙwarai, nan take ya buƙaci ya yar" "da wannan sabon addini amma Salman ya ƙi, don haka sai ya sa a kai ta dukansa aka kuma tsare shi kwana da kwanaki ba tare da abinci ko ruwan sha ba.
Bayan zama a gidan yari na wani lokaci, Salman ya samu nasarar tserewa daga inda ake tsare da shi ta hanyar taimakon ɗaya daga cikin bayin mahaifinsa mai suna Mehran wanda yake tsananin ƙaunar Salman saboda shi yake kula da shi tun yana Yaro.
Bayan da ya gudu Salman ya koma wajen waɗannan kiristocin inda su kuma suka tura shi ƙasar Siriya tare da wani ayari. A lokacin da ya isa ƙasar Siriyan a nan ma ya ci gaba da karatu da neman ilimi ta haka ne ya tara ɗimbin ilimi mai yawa.
To sai dai a wannan karon ma ya sake shiga wata damuwar, yana jin cewa lalle abin da yake kai ba shi ne haƙiƙanin gaskiya ba, akwai gaskiya ta haƙiƙa da har yanzu bai same ta ba.
Lokacin da wannan tunani ya dame shi sosai sai ya miƙa komai ga Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Yana mai addu'ar cewa Allah Ya nuna masa haƙiƙanin gaskiya. Allah Mai karɓar Addu'a, Salman bai san cewa ya kusa kai wa ga gaskiyar da yake buƙata ba! Bayan da ya bar garinsu Salman ya zauna a kimanin garuruwa guda huɗu, gari na ƙarshe da ya zauna shi ne Ammuriya dake ƙarƙashin daular Rumawa. A nan ne a karon farko ya sami labarin bayyanar wani Annabi a garin Makka da yazo da saƙon bautan Allah Shi kaɗai da yin watsi da bautan gumaka.
Nan take Salman ya fara tunanin cewa wataƙila wannan haske da ya bayyana a Makka shi ne shiriyar da yake buƙata. Don haka ya fara shirye-shiryen tafiya Makka don ganawa da wannan sabon Annabi don jin ta bakinsa.
To sai dai a hanyarsa ta tafiya Madina nan ya fuskanci matsala inda ayarin 'yan kasuwan da yake tare da su suka ha'ince suka sayar da shi ga wasu yahudawa. Su ma waɗannan yahudawan sai suka sayar da shi ga wani attajiri mutumin Madina wanda yake zuwa wajen don kasuwanci. Duk da irin wahalhalun da ya fuskanta a matsayin bawa a Madina amma hakan bai hana shi ci gaba da binciken yadda zai sadu da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Ba duk da cewa a lokacin Manzo bai riga da ya yi hijira zuwa Madina ba.
Wata rana Salman yana cikin aiki sai ya ji mai gidansa yana tattaunawa da wani mutum wanda yake bayyana masa cewa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya yi hijira zuwa garin Yathrib (Madina), nan take Salman ya fara tunanin yadda zai samu damar ganawa da wannan Annabin.
Wata rana kuwa sai mai gidan nasa ya yi tafiya don haka sai ya nufi gidan Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (RA) wanda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama yake zaune a gidansa a lokacin. Ko da suka yi ido biyu da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama nan take sai ya ji zuciyarsa ta cika da ƙaunar wannan Annabi, yana gaya wa kansa cewa lalle wannan mutumi ba maƙaryaci ba ne.
Bayan wani lokaci na tattaunawa a tsakaninsu, Salman ya karɓi Musulunci, ya yi imani da cewa babu wani abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah kuma Muhammadu bawansa ne kuma Manzon Sa ne, A nan ne Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya sake masa suna zuwa Salman, wanda da hakan ne aka san shi tsawon tarihi.
Tun daga wannan lokaci Salman ya ci gaba da zuwa wajen Ma'aiki Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama a kai a kai. Da haka ne Salman ya cimma burinsa, wato ya samu tafarkin da zai amsa masa tambayoyin da yake da su da magance masa matsalolin da yake fama da su, baya ga samun darajar kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin sahabban Ma'aikin Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Matsala guda da Salman yake fama da ita, ita ce bautan da ya ke yi don shi bawa ne.
Don haka wata rana Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya buƙaci mai gidan Salman ya sayar masa da shi don ya 'yantar da shi daga bauta. Mai gidan Salman ya kafa sharaɗin cewa wajibi ne Salman ya shuka masa bishiyar dabino 300 sannan kuma ya biya oza arba'in na zinare a matsayin kuɗin fansarsa.
Lokacin da Salman ya gabatar wa Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da wannan buƙata ta mai gidansa, sai Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya juya ga sahabbansa ya ce musu: "ku taimaki ɗan'uwanku". Nan take Sahabbai suka miƙe suka haɗa waɗannan bishiyoyi da bayahuden yake buƙata, sannan Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya buƙace su da su tona ramukan da za a shuka su, bayan da aka gama tona ramin sai Manzo ya zo da kansa ya shuka bishiyar farko sannan sauran sahabbai suka biyo sahu.
To an gama shuka bishiyoyi amma abu guda ya rage shi ne zinare, don haka har ya zuwa yanzu Salman yana a matsayin bawa. Bayan wani lokacin kuma Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Ya tara waɗannan zinare da ake buƙata inda ya ba wa Salman don ya kai wa mai gidansa don cika wannan sharaɗi na 'yantar da shi. Ta haka ne Musulunci ya ‘yantar da Salman Al-Farisi.
Ɗaya daga cikin gagarumar hidimar da Salman ya yi wa Musulunci shi ne lokacin da kafiran Makka suka shirya makircin kawo hari birnin Madina da mamaye shi gaba ɗaya. A wannan lokaci ne Salman ya ba wa Ma'aiki Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama shawarar a tona rami mai zurfin gaske a kewaye garin Madina da shi don hana maƙiyan shigowa.
Bayan gama tonon ramin sahabbai sun yi farin ciki da jinjina wa Salman kowanne ɓangare naso ya janyo shi zuwa ga ɓangarensa, hakan ne ma ya sanya wani daga cikin Muhajirai (mutanen Makka da suka yi hijira zuwa Madina) ya ce: "Salman ɗaya ne daga cikinmu mu Muhajirai", nan take sai wani Ba'ansare (mutumin Madina) ya yi caraf ya ce: ‘A'a Salmanu ɗaya ne daga cikinmu, mu Ansarawa". Haka dai aka ci gaba da kace nace tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu.
Bayan wani lokaci sai ga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya iso, yayin da ya ji su suna wannan musu, sai ya yi murmushi ya kawo ƙarshen musun da cewa: "Salmanu ba Muhajiri ba ne ba kuma Ba'ansare ba ne, Salman yana daga cikin(mu) Ahlulbaiti". Wannan babban matsayi ne da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama bai taɓa ba wa wani mutum in ba Salman ba, wato Salmanu ya zamanto daga cikin Ahlulbaitin Manzon Allah, zaɓaɓɓiyar zuriya daga wajen Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki. A tarihin Musulunci babu wani mutum da ya taɓa samun irin wannan gagarumin matsayi in ba Salman Al-Farisi ba.
Salman al-Farisi ya bar duniya ne yana da shekaru 88 a duniya. Salman al-Farisi ya rasu ne a lokacin halifancin Imam Ali (A.S) a garin Mada'in, wajen da Imam Alin ya naɗa shi a matsayin gwamnan wajen.
Masana tarihi na kallon Salman a matsayin gogaggen gwamna. Duniyar Musulunci ta Ahlus-Sunnah tana girmama shi a matsayinsa na babban gwamna mai adalci kuma mai kyawawan halaye na Musulunci.
Duniyar Musulunci ta Shi'a tana girmama Salman a matsayin mafi girma wanda ya kasance da aminci ga khalifa na huɗu Ali ibn Abi Talib, Musulman Shi'a na Iran suna kallon Salman a matsayin gwarzon ƙasa, kuma suna sanya sunansa a wuraren ibada da dama.
Haka nan Salman ya yi fice a cikin ɗarikun Sufaye, kamar Bektashism, Qadiriyya da Naqshbandi, suna sanya Salmanu a isnadinsu na 'Yan uwantaka.
An ce Abu Hurairah ya kira Salman da Abu al-Kitabayn” (mai littattafai biyu ”Wato Bible da Alƙur’ani ) kuma an ce Ali Ibn Abi Talib (R.A) ya kira shi da “Luqman al-Hakeem”. "(Lukman mai hikima)
