Aristotle mashahurin masanin Falsafa da Kimiyya. An haife shi shekaru 384 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S) a birnin Stagira na ƙasar Girka (Greece) Bajimin manazarci kuma marubuci.
Marubuci: Saliadeen Sicey
Haihuwa
An haife shi a garin Stagira ta yankin Chalkidice duk a arewacin Girka (Greece). Sunan babansa Nicomachus, mahaifiyarsa kuma Phaestis. Babansa masanin Physics ne. Dukkan iyayensa sun rasu lokacin yana ƙarami. Wata kafa ta ce mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin shi yana ɗan shekara goma da haihuwa.
Aristotle ya tashi a hannun baffansa Proxenus wanda shi ma masanin Physics ɗin ne. Lokacin da ya kai shekaru goma sha bakwai, wannan mariƙi nasa ya tura shi karatu Athens babban birnin ƙasar Greece, wacce a wannan lokacin ita ce cibiyar ilimi ta duniya. A wannan gari na Athens, Aristotle ya yi karatun falsafa a makarantar gawurtaccen masanin falsafar nan wato Plato, saboda kaifin basira da shi Aristotle yake da ita, ya samu dama ta kammala karatunsa cikin taƙaitaccen lokaci, bayan kammala karatun nasa aka ɗauke shi mai karantarwa a wannan babbar makaranta, ya riƙa bada darasi a fannin rhetoric.
Bayan mutuwar Plato, Aristotle ne ya kamata ya ci gaba da jagoranci wannan makaranta saboda dukkan ɗaliban makarantar nan ba wanda ya kai shi tumbatsa da kuma hazaƙa kai har ma da zalaƙa amma saboda sauka da ya yi daga karantarwar Plato a wasu fannoni, shi yasa sai aka ɗora Speusippus wanda shi kuma ɗan-ɗan uwa ne ga shi Plato.
Bayan rasuwasar Plato, Aristotle ya riƙa tafiye-tafiye musamman yankuna da kuma tsibiran Asia Minor wacce ta zama ƙasar Turkiya a yau, yana nazarce-nazarce kan abubuwan da suka shafi kimiyyar halittu wato Biology amma Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2008), ya wallafa a shafinsa cewa abokinsa, kuma sarkin Atarneous da Assos duka a Mysia, wato Hermeas, shi ya gayyaci Aristotle zuwa wannan yanki. Ya zauna a wannan yanki har tsawon shekaru uku. Daga ƙarshe ya auri ‘yar ɗan’uwan wannan sarki. Sunan wannan mata Pythias.
A shekarar 343, kamar yadda Joshua (2009) ya kawo. Aristotle ya samu gayyata daga sarkin Masadoniya (Macedonia) wato Sarki Philp na biyu (King Phili II) dan ya karantar da ɗansa Alexander wanda daga baya ya shahara ya zama Alexander the Great. Ya zauna tsawon shekaru uku a wannan garin.
Bayan rasuwar wannan sarki, sai ɗansa Alexander ya gaje shi. Aristotle ya sake komawa Athens inda ya zauna, ya buɗe tasa makarantar mai suna Lyceum wacce ta zama kishiya ga makarantar da ya yi karatu a ciki. Wannan makaranta ita ta yi gogayya da tsohuwar makarantarsa sannan kuma ta zama mai jayayya da ra’ayin tsohon malaminsa wato Plato. Iya tsawon zaman Alexander the Great a kan karagar mulki, ya ci gaba da tuntuɓar malaminsa kan yadda zai gudanar da harkokinsa. Mutuwar Alexander the Great, ta saka aka tuhumi Aristotle da rashin biyayya ga addini saboda haka ya yi gudun hijira ya koma Chalcis da ke yankin Euboea, bayan komawarsa Chalcis, ya mutu yana da shekaru 62 sanadin ciwon ciki a shekarar 322 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S) (Harvard University, 2016).
Rubuce-Rubuncensa
Wataƙila a lokacin (335 zuwa 323 BC) ne Aristotle ya rubuta yawancin ayyukansa. Wasu mutane suna tunanin Aristotle mai yiwuwa ne mutum na ƙarshe da ya san duk abin da ya kamata ya sani a lokacinsa. Shahararren marubuci Aristotle, ya wallafa littattafan da yawansu bai gaza ɗari biyu ba dan kusan an tafi akan cewa babu wani fanni na rayuwa da wannan haziƙin marubuci bai yi rubutu a ciki ba, sai dai kash! Abin takaicin shi ne dukkan waɗannan rubuce-rubuce nasa an rasa su, sai dai wasu da ba su wuce talatin ba kacal da suka yi saura. Kuma waɗannan ɗin ma muƙaloli ne da ya yi amfani da su wajen karantarwa, wato abin da ake kira ‘Lecture note’ a Turance. (Inaternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008).
Littattafai
Kaɗan daga cikin fannonin da ya yi rubutu a cikinsu akwai: Kimiyya (Science), Falsafa (Philosophy), Physics, Kimiyyar halittu (Biology), metaphysics, logic, psychology, da sauransu. Daga cikin sunayen littattafan da ya rubuta akwai: Categories, Interpretation, Analytics, Posterior Analytics, Topics, Sophistical Refutations, Organon, Physics , Coming-to-Be and Passing Away; On Generation and Corruption, Heavens, Meteorology, da sauransu. Duba (Robin, 2015).
Gudunmawarsa ga ilimi
Haƙiƙa ya bada gagarumar gudummawa wajen ci gaban ilimin a duniya. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya ƙirƙiro akwai:
1, Shi ya samar da tsarin rarrabe halittu zuwa aji-aji a fannin kimiyyar halittu, wato fannin Biology.
2, Shi ya gano cewa Earth (Duniyar da muke ciki) ce a tsakiyar duniyoyi.
3, Shi ya gano cewa ya kamata a hukunta magana da abunda ta ƙunsa ba da zahirinta ba cewa idan jumla ta zama gaskiya, to ƙarshen lamari dole ya tabbata. Misali ya ce: dukkan mutum mortal ne, kuma Aristotle mutum ne, saboda haka Aristotle ya zama mortal.
Haƙiƙa ya bada gudunmawa mai gwaɓi a fannonin rayuwa daban-daban har ma wasu sun riƙa yi masa ƙirari da ‘masanin dukkan fannoni’.
Falsafa
Manyan malaman falsafa na Girka uku su ne Aristotle, Plato, da Socrates. Socrates ya koyar da Plato, sannan Plato ya koyar da Aristotle. Wadannan masu tunani guda uku sun mayar da falsafar Girka ta farko zuwa farkon falsafar Yammacin Turai kamar yadda take a yau.
Idan har kuna jin daɗin maƙalolin shafin nan namu, to ku hanzarta sanar da dukkan abokan ku da dukkan waɗanda ku sani, ku gaya musu adireshin shafin nan namu domin su ma su shigo cikin shafin su dinga amfana da shi kamar yadda ku ma kuke yi a kullum.
