Luƙman (Da Larabci: لُقْمان ) Yana daga cikin fitattun mutane a cikin Kur'ani da suka rayu kafin Musulunci. Lukman ya shahara da hikimomi da nasiha da labaran kyawawan halaye kuma an sanya wa wata surar Alkur'ani sunansa. Tauhidi, tawali'u a gaban mutane, kyawun tafiya, matsakaicin hali a rayuwa, da halayen abokin zama nagari, koyan kyawawan halaye daga fasikai na daga cikin shahararrun zantuka na hikima na Lukman. A cikin hadisai an ambaci cewa shi ba Annabi ba ne.
Marubuci: Saliadeen Sicey
Ibn Abu Hatim ya ce: “Babana ya gaya min bayan Al’abbas Ibn Al-Walid bayan Zaid Ibn Yahya Ibn Ubaid Al-Khuza’i bayan Sa’id Ibn Bashir bayan Qatadah yana cewa: Allah Ta’ala ya bai wa Luƙman damar zaɓa tsakanin Annabta, da hikima kuma shi (Luqman) ya fifita hikima akan Annabta. Sai Jibrilu ya zo yana barci ya zuba masa hikima. Kuma, da safe ya fara furta shi.
Allah Masani.
Asali
Shi ne Lukman Ibn Anqa Ibn Sadun. Ko kuma kamar yadda As-Suhaili ya faɗa daga Ibn Jarir da Al-Qutaibi cewa shi ne Luqman Ibn Tharan wanda ya kasance daga cikin mutanen Aylah (Urusalima).
Mutum ne salihai wanda ya himmantu wajen ibada kuma ya ba shi hikima. Har ila yau, an ce e ya kasance alƙali a zamanin Annabi Dawud (A.S). Kuma Allah ne mafi sani.
An karɓo daga Sufyan Ath-Thawri daga Al-Ashath bayan Ikrimah daga Ibn Abbas (Allah Ya yarda da shi) ya ce: “Bawan Habasha ne wanda ya yi aikin kafinta. Qatadah ya ruwaito daga Abdullahi Ibn Zubair ya ce: “Na tambayi Jabir Ibn Abdullah game da Lukman. Ya ce: "Shi gajere ne mai hanci, ɗan ƙabilar Nubia ne."
An san Lukman a matsayin sanannen mai ɗabi’a Mai Kyau da ilimi a wurin masana tarihi; ko da yake wasu masana tarihi da almara irin su Luqman ibn 'Ad, Aesop, Bal'am Ba'ura (Balaam ɗan Beor), Ahqyar da Lukman Mu'ammir. Akwai saɓani game da nasaba da jinsin Lukman. Wasu majiyoyi sun ruwaito Yana cikin mutanen Adawa. Wasu majiyoyi sun ɗauke shi daga Banu Isra'ila. Wasu kuma suna ganinsa a matsayin bawa Bahabashe wanda na wani attajiri Ba'isra'ile ne da ya rayu a zamanin Annabi Dawuda kuma ubangijinsa ya 'yanta shi saboda hikima da iliminsa.
Lukman kuma ya shahara a tsakanin Larabawa kafin musulunci . Suna da wasu maganganunsa a rubuce. An ce Suwayd ibn Samit ya amsa gayyatar da Manzon Allah (S.A.W.W) ya yi masa zuwa ga Musulunci inda ya yi ishara da maganar Lukman da yake da ita, ya ce, “Abin da nake da shi daidai yake da abin da kuke da shi.
Sunan Lukman a tsakanin musulmi ya samo asali ne daga samuwar wata surar Alƙur'ani mai suna da sunansa da kuma maganganu goma masu hikima da Allah ya naƙalto daga gare shi yana gaya wa ɗansa.
Wasiyyar Lukman ga ɗansa da halayensa su ne maudu’in hadisan Shi’a da Sunna da dama. A cikin hadisai an ambace shi da mai tawakkali da imani da cikakken yaƙini da shiru da riƙon amana da gaskiya da sulhu tsakanin mutane a matsayin sifofin Lukman. A cikin hadisai an ambaci cewa ba Annabi ba ne, amma ya haɗa kai da annabi Dawud (A.S) wajen hukunci.
Yahya Ibn Said Al-Ansari ya ruwaito bayan Sa’id Ibn Al-Musaib da faɗinsa cewa: “Luqman baƙar fata ne na Masar. Yana da kaurin leɓe kuma Allah Ta’ala ya ba shi hikima amma ba Annabta ba. Al-Awza'i ya ce: Abdur Rahman Ibn Harmalah ya gaya mini cewa: wani baƙar fata ya zo wajen Sa'id Ibn AIMusayb yana neman sadaka. Said ya ce: “Kada ka damu da baƙin launinka domin akwai baƙar fata guda uku daga cikin mafifitan mutane: Bilal Ibn Rabah, Mahja (bawan Umar Ibn Al-Khattab) da kuma Luqman, mai hikima wanda ya kasance mai hikima. baƙi, daga Nubia kuma wanda leɓɓansa ya yi kauri.
Kalaman Hikima
Luqman ya shahara da zantukan hikima da bada shawarwarin kyawawan halaye. Wasu daga cikin maganganunsa ga ɗansa sun zo a cikin Alkur’ani da hadisai.
A cikin aya ta 13 zuwa 19 a cikin Alkur’ani ta 31, an naƙalto wasu shawarwari daga gare shi. Wasiyyar Luƙman ga ɗansa shi ne, kada ya yi tarayya da Allah, da tsayar da sallah, da umarni da kyakkyawa, da hani daga mummuna, da haƙuri a kan musibu, da tawali’u a wurin mutane, da tsaka-tsaki a cikin rayuwa.
A cikin madogaran hadisi, baya ga bayanin halayen Lukman, an ambaci wasu wasiyyansa ga ɗansa:
Halaye a cikin tafiye-tafiye: Nasiha a cikin ayyuka, ko da yaushe da murmushi, da karimci a cikin guzuri, da taimakon Abokai, da karɓar gayyata, da shaida kan gaskiya, da yin shawarwari da su, na daga cikin ladubban matafiyi da Lukman ya shawarci ɗansa game da su.
Aboki nagari: a mahangar Lukman, Aboki nagari shi ne mutum mai ambaton Allah a koda yaushe, iliminsa yana da fa'ida, rahamar Allah a gare shi kuma tana iya haɗawa da sauran mutane.
Fifita shiru akan magana kamar fifita zinari ne akan azurfa.
Ilimi da imani da aiki alamomi ne na addini a mahangar Lukman.
A cikin Bihar al-anwar, al-'Allama al-Majlisi ya keɓe babi ga wasiyyoyi da maganganun Luƙman.
A Cikin Alkur'ani
Kamar yadda aya ta 12 a cikin suratu Lukman a cikin Alkur’ani ta zo cewa, Allah al-Hakim (Mai hikima) ya yi wa Lukman hikima.
Kuma Muka bai wa Lukman hikima, kuma Muka ce: "Ka gõde wa Allah", kuma wanda ya gõde, to, lalle ne ya gõde wa kansa, kuma wanda ya kãfirta, to, Allah Mawadãci ne, Gõdadde.
— Surah Lukman Quran 31:12
Manazarta
Ibn Kathir, Hafiz, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar-us-Salam Publications, 2000 (original ~1370).
Assayed al-Halawani, Ali. Hikayoyin Annabawa na Ibn Kathir (PDF). Dar Al-Manarah. shafi na 90-98. An dawo da Bugashi 18 Oktoba 2021.
"Littafin Magana - كتاب الكلام - Muwatta Malik" . Sunnah.com - Kalaman Annabi Muhammad (S A.W.W) . An dawo da bugashi 18 Oktoba 2021.
Da Bihar al-anwar.
