Haihuwa
An haifi lbert Einstein a Ulm, a Württemberg, Jamus, a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1879. Bayan shekaru shida dangin sa suka koma birnin Munich, inda daga baya ya fara karatunsa a Luitpold Gymnasium. Daga baya suka koma ƙasar Italiya. Albert ya ci gaba da karatu a Aarau na ƙasar Switzerland sannan a shekarar 1896 ya shiga Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Swiss Federal Polytechnic da ke Zurich inda ya samu horon malami a fannin Physics da Mathematics. A shekara ta 1901, shekarar da ya sami takardar shaidar difloma, ya samu takardar shaidar zama ɗan ƙasar Switzerland, kuma, saboda ya kasa samun matsayin malamin koyarwa, ya karɓi matsayin mataimaki na fasaha a Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Swiss. A 1905 ya sami doctor degree.
Marubuci: Saliadeen Sicey
A lokacin da yake zaune a Ofishin Patent, ya samar da yawancin ayyukansa na ban mamaki, a cikin 1908 an naɗa shi Privatdozent a Berne. A 1909 ya zama Farfesa Extraordinary a Zurich, a 1911, ya zama Farfesa na Theoretical Physics a Prague, bayan shekara ɗaya ya koma Zurich don cike irin wannan matsayi. A cikin 1914 an naɗa shi Daraktan Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kaiser Wilhelm da kuma Farfesa a Jami'ar Berlin. Ya zama ɗan ƙasar Jamus a 1914 kuma ya kasance a birnin Berlin har zuwa 1933 lokacin da ya yi watsi da zama ɗan ƙasar saboda dalilai na siyasa, kana ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka bayan da jam'iyyar Nazi ta Jamus ta kai masa hari. A Amurka ya sami matsayin Farfesa na Theoretical Physics a Princeton. Ya zama cikakken ɗan ƙasar Amurka a shekarar 1940 kuma ya yi ritaya daga muƙaminsa a shekarar 1945.
Bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu, an bai wa Einstein damar zama shugaban ƙasar Isra'ila, wanda ya ƙi amincewa, ya kuma haɗa kai da Dr. Chaim Weizmann wajen kafa Jam'iyyar Yahudawa ta Kudus.
Kimiyya
Einstein kodayaushe ya kasance yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da matsalolin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma azamar magance su. Yana da dabara ta kansa kuma ya na iya hango manyan matakai da hanyar cika burinsa. Ya ɗauki manyan nasarorin da ya samu a matsayin kamar wata tsakuwa kawai don ci gaba da gano abubuwan ci-gaba.
A farkon aikinsa na kimiyya, Einstein ya fahimci gazawar Newtonian makanikai kuma ƙa'idarsa ta musamman ta samo asali ne daga ƙoƙarin daidaita dokokin kanikanci da dokokin lantarki. Ya magance matsalolin gargajiya na injiniyoyi na ƙididdiga da matsalolin da aka haɗa su da ƙa'idar ƙididdiga: wannan ya haifar da bayanin motsin ƙwayoyin Brownian, (bazuwar motsi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwaye ko iskar gas waɗanda ke haifar da karo da ƙwayoyin ruwan da ke kewaye da ɓarɓashi da ake kira Brownian). Ya binciki ƙaddarorin zafi na haske tare da ƙarancin haske kuma abubuwan da ya lura sun kafa tushen ƙa'idar hoto na haske.
Aiki
Bayan ya yi ritaya ya ci gaba da yin aiki don haɗa kan ainihin abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, yana ɗaukar akasin tsarin, ilimin lissafi, ga yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi.
Binciken Einstein, ba shakka, ya ƙirƙire shi da kyau kuma mafi mahimmancin ayyukansa sun haɗa da Theory of Relativity (1905), Dangantaka (fassarar Ingilishi, 1920 da 1950), Babbar Ƙa'idar Dangantaka (1916), Binciken Ka'idar Brownian Movement (1926), da Juyin Halitta na Physics (1938). Daga cikin ayyukansa da ba na ilimin kimiyya ba, akwai Me yasa ake yin Yaƙi? (1933), Falsafa a (1934), daga cikin ayyukansa Shekarun baya bayan nan a (1950) wataƙila su ne mafi mahimmanci.
Albert Einstein ya samu digiri na girmamawa a fannin kimiyya, likitanci da falsafa daga yawancin jami'o'in Turai da Amurka. A cikin 1920's ya yi lacca a Turai, Amurka da Gabas Mai Nisa, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Fellowships ko Membobin dukkanin manyan makarantun kimiyya a duniya. Ya samu lambobin yabo da yawa don karrama aikinsa, gami da Medal Copley na Royal Society of London a 1925, da Medal Franklin na Cibiyar Franklin a 1935.
Iyali
Einstein ya auri Mileva Maric a 1903 kuma suna da 'ya mace da 'ya'ya maza biyu; An raba aurensu a shekara ta 1919 kuma a wannan shekarar ya auri 'yar uwarsa, Elsa Löwenthal, wanda ta rasu a shekara ta 1936.
Abubuwan ƙirƙira da ganowa
A matsayinsa na masanin kimiyyar lissafi, Einstein ya yi bincike da yawa, amma wataƙila an fi saninsa da ƙa'idar dangantakarsa da ma'auni E=MC 2 , wanda ke nuni da ci gaban atomic da bam ɗin atomic.
Ƙa'idar Dangantaka
Einstein ya fara gabatar da ƙa'idar dangantaka ta musamman a cikin 1905 a cikin takardarsa "On Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies," wanda ya ɗauki ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a cikin sabuwar hanya mai haske.
Nobel Prize a Physics
A cikin 1921, Einstein ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel a Physics saboda bayanin da ya yi game da tasirin photoelectric, duk da har yanzu ra'ayoyinsa game da alaƙa ana ɗaukar su abin tambaya. A zahiri ba a miƙa masa lambar yabo ba har sai bayan shekara ɗaya saboda wani hukunci da aka yanke, kuma yayin jawabin karɓar sa, ya zaɓi yin magana game da alaƙa.
Littattafan Tafiya
A cikin shekarunsa 40, Einstein ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa kuma ya rubuta labarin abubuwan da ya gano. Wasu daga cikin tunaninsa na sirri da ba a tace su ba an raba su zuwa juzu'i biyu na The Travel Diaries of Albert Einstein .
Juzu'i na farko, wanda aka buga a cikin 2018, yana maida hankali kan tafiyarsa ta wata biyar da rabi zuwa Gabas mai Nisa, Falasɗinu, da Spain. Masanin kimiyyar ya fara tafiya ta teku zuwa Japan a Marseille, Faransa, a cikin kaka na 1922, tare da matarsa ta biyu, Elsa. Sun yi tafiya ta hanyar Suez Canal, sannan zuwa Sri Lanka, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, da Japan. Ma'auratan sun koma Jamus ta hanyar Falasɗinu da Spain a cikin Maris 1923.
Juzu'i na biyu, wanda aka fitar a cikin 2023, ya ƙunshi watanni uku da ya shafe yana koyarwa da balaguro a Argentina, Uruguay, da Brazil a 1925.
Littattafan tafiye-tafiye na ƙunshe da nazarce-nazarce marasa daɗi game da mutanen da ya gamu da su, da suka haɗa da Sinawa, Sri Lanka, da kuma Argentina. Albert Einstein ya yi ƙaurin suna wajen yin Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a shekarun baya.
Einstein da Atomic Bomb
Albert Einstein ya ba da jawabin yin tir da amfani da bama-bamai na hydrogen a 1950.
A shekara ta 1939, Einstein da masanin kimiyya Leo Szilard sun rubuta wa shugaban Amurka Franklin D. Roosevelt don su faɗakar da shi bisa yiwuwar Nazi za su ƙera bam da kuma taimakon Amurka don ƙirƙirar nata makaman nukiliya.
Ƙasar Amurka ta fara aikin ƙera nukiliya na Manhattan Project, kodayake Einstein bai shiga cikin aiwatar da aikin kaitsaye ba saboda alakar sa na zaman lafiya da gurguzu. Har ila yau Daraktan hukumar FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya kasance mai yawan bincike da rashin yarda da Albert Einstein. A cikin Yuli 1940, ofishin leƙen asiri na sojojin Amurka ya hana Einstein izinin samun tsaro don shiga cikin aikin, ma'ana masu aikin ƙera makamin Atom J. Robert Oppenheimer da masana kimiyya da ke aiki a Los Alamos an hana su tuntuɓar sa.
Einstein bai da masaniya game da shirin Amurka na amfani da bama-baman Atom a Japan a 1945. Lokacin da ya ji labarin tashin bam na farko a Hiroshima, an ba da rahoton cewa, bai ji daɗin faruwar lamarin ba.
Mutuwa
Albert Einstein Ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1955 a Princeton, New Jersey a ƙasar Amurka yana da shekaru 76.
